NW Doc

Gmail Offline? just like Offline Gmail team said it would make Gmail go where the Internet doesn't. Access your inbox through your browser and use Gmail's familiar features when you're offline...

How to set up Gmail Offline?

step 1 :
go to www.gmail.com, login to your gmail account....
and click Settings


step 2:
On Settings page.. click Labs




step 3:
select Enable...



step 4:
Then click Save Changes
and back to inbox page...



step 5:
Click Offline 0.2



step 6:
Install offline access for Gmail Offline Gmail gives you access to your most recent emails when there is no internet connection. This feature will download your email messages onto this computer. Please make sure it is not a public or shared computer. You will need Gears for offline access, and the installer will restart your browser.

Click Install...
it will open a new tab.


step 7:
Click Install Gears



step 8:
read the terms of service... ;)
Click Agree and Download



step 9:
Double click on GearsSetup.exe



step 10:
Thanks for installing. You must restart all your browser before using Gears.
click Restart Browser Now


step 11:
Open your web browser...
Login to your Gmail account...
and click Offline 0.2




step 12:
Offline Gmail bla.. bla... bla...
click Next




step 13:
I trust this site. Allow it to use Gears
and click Allow


step 14:
Create a shortcut to Gmail on your computer...
click OK
and please wait....






step 15:
Done!
Now try to disconnect your internet connection...
and click shortcut to Gmail on your computer....

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This is the actual ascii code for making the invisible.
Hope u liked it.

Before I start the central aspect of this article - resetting the Linux root password, let me quickly introduce you to boot loaders and the GRUB.

A boot sequence is the initial set of operations that the computer performs when the power of a computer is switched on. A boot loader typically loads the main Operating System for the computer.

A computer's central processor can only execute program code found in the Read-Only-Memory (ROM) and Random-Access-Memory (RAM). However, when the computer is switched on, it does not have an Operating System in its ROM or RAM. So a computer initially executes a small program stored in a ROM, which in-turn loads the required code and data into the RAM for execution.

This small program which performs this process is known as a bootstrap loader, bootstrap or a boot loader. This program is generally not the Operating System, but a miniature program which will load the required Operating System into the RAM from the non-volatile storage.

There are several popular boot loaders used today - GRUB, BOOTMGR, LILO and NTLDR. The GNU GRUB (GNU GRand Unified Bootloader) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project and is one of the most popular boot loaders available today. LILO (LInux LOader) is a generic boot loader for Linux. NTLDR (NT Loader) is the boot loader for all releases of Microsoft's Windows NT Operating System. In later versions of Windows like Vista and Windows 7, NTLDR was replaced by the Windows Boot Manager (BOOTMGR).

In this article, we restrict ourselves to the GRUB loader. Typically, a few dual-boot environments and a few Linux based Operating Systems use the GRUB as their boot loader. Here is a screen-shot of the GRUB loader of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 -


There are many scenarios where we might need to reset the root password of our Linux system. Consider you have been assigned to a Linux system to work with and the previous owner forgot to give you the root password; maybe you are in the middle of an important project and you don't have the root password of the system when you need it urgently and the worst part - the system administrator is not in sight; or maybe you just forgot it. The possibilities are limitless.

But remember, before you attempt to change or replace the password of any machine, make sure you have the necessary permissions from the management authorizing it. If not, it can be mistaken as an attempt to hack into the machine, which is not ethical.

• Start the system, when the selection screen comes up, navigate to the line for Linux and press 'e'
• Now, select the entry that begins with the word - 'kernel' and again press 'e'
• Append 'single' to the end of the existing line. Make sure there is a space between the existing content and 'single'
• Press 'b' to boot into Linux as the root

You are now in the special mode called the "Single-User Mode".

If prompted for the root password here, restart the system and in the previous step, append 'init=/bin/bash' after 'single'

• Use 'passwd' to specify the new root password

I am sure that reading this procedure would have caused apprehensions in the minds of several readers about the security of their systems. Using this method, anybody can hack your system. So if you want to be careful and avoid such situations, you will need to restrict any modifications to the GRUB. This can be done by protecting the GRUB by using a password.

• Open the shell prompt and login as the root
• Use the 'grub-md5-crypt' command to get the MD5 hash of your GRUB password
• Open '/boot/grub/grub.conf' and add 'password -md5 ' below the timeout field
• Save and exit

From next time, if you want to edit the GRUB, you will have to press 'p' followed by the GRUB password. The downside of this is that there is an extra password for you to remember. Well, accessibility has always been a trade-off in security.

Note - Changing passwords of a system without proper permissions is unethical and illegal, which may lead to legal complications. So always follow a proper authorization channel before changing the passwords.

Windows Vista file type and file extension associations may be corrupted, broken and go haywire, causing files with some extensions cannot be opened properly. For example, some third party programs may wrongly set or assign file associations for extensions that not supposed to have a default program such as .exe, .com, .sys, .lnk, folder, directory, drive etc. (actually these special system files has unique associations which is not supposed to be another programs, so that Windows know to handle them accordingly).

Some programs that known to cause such problem including Lavasoft Ad-Aware SE with "Lock executable file associations" option enabled in Ad-Watch via automatic setting, which blocks registry changes related to file associations when new software application is installed or updated. Another possibly problematic app is dTools, which may delete or remove associated default program and icon for .exe, .sys, .scr, .rll, .pko, .pif, .ocx, .wmdb, .wsp, .xmp, .tpl and other extension types. Sometimes, user may accidentally unassociate or delete the file association too, or assign an extension such as shortcut with .lnk to a wrong program when forget to uncheck "Always use this program to open this type of file" option.

When a file type association for an extension is deleted or not found, the icon for the file type becomes blank in the shape of empty white paper. And when user double clicks or run the affected file of the kind of extension type, syste will prompt user with a "Open With" dialog to find a program to open the file with.

The problem is especially worse when the file association for executable with .exe extensions is broken, causing programs such as Adobe Reader, Internet Explorer, Notepad, System Restore, Microsoft Office Word, Excel, Powerpoint, and even Registry Editor (which is necessary to fix the invalid file association problem) cannot be started, and unable to launch or execute.

Windows Vista basic file extension Set Association management interface cannot reset and fix the corrupted or invalid file association back to factory default, or at least back to a workable state. As a workaround, user can try to manually remove the user-choice file association to restore back to Windows default file type and extension association.

If the manual deletion of user customized file association does not work, or want to direct yet simple fix for the file type and file extension association problem, Winhelponline.com has provided a few registry files that fix and reset several common file associations in Windows Vista back to its original default as if right after fresh installation.

The file association fixes for the following file extensions are available, which can be downloaded in ZIP format which contains a .reg file. Execute the registration entries file to merge the registry keys and values to replace and reset the existing system registry.

• audiocd
• avi
• bat
• bmp
• chm
• cmd
• com
• dvr-ms
• exe
• gif
• htm
• html
• ico
• inf
• jpe
• jpeg
• jpg
• js
• lnk
• mp3
• mpe
• mpeg
• mpg
• msc
• reg
• scr
• tif
• tiff
• txt
• vbs
• wma
• wmv
• xml
• xps
• zip
• Folder
• Directory
• Drive

For user who wants all the file association fixes, here's a compressed zip file vista_extfix.zip that contains all of the individual file extension association fixes above.

Note that to apply the registration entries file (the .reg file downloaded), user must right click on the .reg file and select "Run as Administrator" to apply the file association fix for the respective file type and extension.

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