NW Doc

[Windows 7] How to show Internet / LAN / Wireless Network Connection Icon

1. Right click anywhere (blank area) on your taskbar, and then click Properties.
2. Go to Taskbar tab, under Notification area, click Customize button.
3. The Notification Area Icons window will appear. To show the network connection icon, beside Network, select Show icon and notifications from the drop-down menu.
4. Click OK and the network connection icon will reappear in your taskbar notification area. If the Network option is missing from the list, it's probably due to some registry errors. We recommend you to download registry easy to fix your current problem as well as all other registry errors that slow down your computer.

[Windows Vista] How to show Internet / LAN / Wireless Network Connection Icon

1. Right click anywhere (blank area) on your taskbar, and then click Properties.
2. Go to Notification Area tab, under System icons, check / tick the checkbox for Network.
3. Click OK and the network connection icon will reappear in your taskbar notification area. If the Network checkbox is grayed out, it's probably due to some registry errors. We recommend you to download registry easy to fix your current problem as well as all other registry errors that slow down your computer.

[Windows XP] How to show Internet / LAN / Wireless Network Connection Icon

1. Click Start -> Control Panel -> Network Connection.
2. Right click your internet connection adapter. I'm using LAN ( Local Area Connection) which is with a Ethernet cable. Yours may be a wireless adapter or other types of adapter. Select Properties upon right clicking.
3. In the General tab, check / tick the checkbox for Show icon in notification area when connected.
4. Click OK and the network connection icon will reappear in your taskbar notification area. If your internet connection adapter is missing from the Network Connection window, it's probably due to some registry errors. We recommend you to download registry easy to fix your current problem as well as all other registry errors that slow down your computer.

Run Commands:-
compmgmt.msc - Computer management
devmgmt.msc - Device manager
diskmgmt.msc - Disk management
dfrg.msc - Disk defrag
eventvwr.msc - Event viewer
fsmgmt.msc - Shared folders
gpedit.msc - Group policies
lusrmgr.msc - Local users and groups
perfmon.msc - Performance monitor
rsop.msc - Resultant set of policies
secpol.msc - Local security settings
services.msc - Various Services
msconfig - System Configuration Utility
regedit - Registry Editor
msinfo32 _ System Information
sysedit _ System Edit
win.ini _ windows loading information(also system.ini)
winver _ Shows current version of windows
mailto: _ Opens default email client
command _ Opens command prompt

Run Commands to access the control panel:-
appwiz.cpl -Add/Remove Programs control
timedate.cpl -Date/Time Properties control
desk.cpl -Display Properties control
findfast.cpl -FindFast control
inetcpl.cpl -Internet Properties control
main.cpl keyboard -Keyboard Properties control
main.cpl -Mouse Properties control
mmsys.cpl -Multimedia Properties control
netcpl.cpl -Network Properties control
password.cpl -Password Properties control
mmsys.cpl sounds -Sound Properties control
sysdm.cpl -System Properties control

Command Prompt:-

ANSI.SYS Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys.
APPEND Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command.
ARP Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices.
ASSIGN Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter.
ASSOC View the file associations.
AT Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
ATMADM Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager.
ATTRIB Display and change file attributes.
BATCH Recovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file.
BOOTCFG Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini
BREAK Enable / disable CTRL + C feature.
CACLS View and modify file ACL's.
CALL Calls a batch file from another batch file.
CD Changes directories.
CHCP Supplement the International keyboard and character set information.
CHDIR Changes directories.
CHKDSK Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors.
CHKNTFS Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors.
CHOICE Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
CLS Clears the screen.
CMD Opens the command interpreter.
COLOR Easily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS window.
COMP Compares files.
COMPACT Compresses and uncompress files.
CONTROL Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
CONVERT Convert FAT to NTFS.
COPY Copy one or more files to an alternate location.
CTTY Change the computers input/output devices.
DATE View or change the systems date.
DEBUG Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings.
DEFRAG Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs.
DEL Deletes one or more files.
DELETE Recovery console command that deletes a file.
DELTREE Deletes one or more files and/or directories.
DIR List the contents of one or more directory.
DISABLE Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers.
DISKCOMP Compare a disk with another disk.
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk.
DOSKEY Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past.
DOSSHELL A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
DRIVPARM Enables overwrite of original device drivers.
ECHO Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
EDIT View and edit files.
EDLIN View and edit files.
EMM386 Load extended Memory Manager.
ENABLE Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver.
ENDLOCAL Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by the setlocal command.
ERASE Erase files from computer.
EXIT Exit from the command interpreter.
EXPAND Expand a M*cros*ft Windows file back to it's original format.
EXTRACT Extract files from the M*cros*ft Windows cabinets.
FASTHELP Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them.
FC Compare files.
FDISK Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive.
FIND Search for text within a file.
FINDSTR Searches for a string of text within a file.
FIXBOOT Writes a new boot sector.
FIXMBR Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
FOR Boolean used in batch files.
FORMAT Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
FTP Command to connect and operate on a FTP server.
FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.
GOTO Moves a batch file to a specific label or location.
GRAFTABL Show extended characters in graphics mode.
HELP Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
IF Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
IFSHLP.SYS 32-bit file manager.
IPCONFIG Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values.
KEYB Change layout of keyboard.
LABEL Change the label of a disk drive.
LH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LISTSVC Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers.
LOADFIX Load a program above the first 64k.
LOADHIGH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LOCK Lock the hard disk drive.
LOGON Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login.
MAP Displays the device name of a drive.
MD Command to create a new directory.
MEM Display memory on system.
MKDIR Command to create a new directory.
MODE Modify the port or display settings.
MORE Display one page at a time.
MOVE Move one or more files from one directory to another directory.
MSAV Early M*cros*ft Virus scanner.
MSD Diagnostics utility.
MSCDEX Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
NBTSTAT Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
NET Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
NETSH Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.
NETSTAT Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
NLSFUNC Load country specific information.
NSLOOKUP Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
PATH View and modify the computers path location.
PATHPING View and locate locations of network latency.
PAUSE Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command.
PING Test / send information to another network computer or network device.
POPD Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command.
POWER Conserve power with computer portables.
PRINT Prints data to a printer port.
PROMPT View and change the MS-DOS prompt.
PUSHD Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time.
QBASIC Open the QBasic.
RD Removes an empty directory.
REN Renames a file or directory.
RENAME Renames a file or directory.
RMDIR Removes an empty directory.
ROUTE View and configure windows network route tables.
RUNAS Enables a user to execute a program on another computer.
SCANDISK Run the scandisk utility.
SCANREG Scan registry and recover registry from errors.
SET Change one variable or string to another.
SETLOCAL Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else.
SETVER Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
SHARE Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
SHIFT Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program.
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
SMARTDRV Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory.
SORT Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.
START Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt.
SUBST Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter.
SWITCHES Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
SYS Transfer system files to disk drive.
TELNET Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt.
TIME View or modify the system time.
TITLE Change the title of their MS-DOS window.
TRACERT Visually view a network packets route across a network.
TREE View a visual tree of the hard disk drive.
TYPE Display the contents of a file.
UNDELETE Undelete a file that has been deleted.
UNFORMAT Unformat a hard disk drive.
UNLOCK Unlock a disk drive.
VER Display the version information.
VERIFY Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly.
VOL Displays the volume information about the designated drive.
XCOPY Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to another.
TRUENAME When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in which it exists
TASKKILL It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications

With the new GRUB 2′s recent release, there has been a lot of messing around with GRUB Legacy which, to be honest, there's no need for. This tutorial will assume that you have Linux installed on your hard drive/virtual machine and just installed Windows to it but have lost your choice of booting Linux on startup. This is caused by Microsoft wanting their virus to pwn the rest and they overwrite the MBR only for their own operating systems. So we are going to re-install GRUB to the MBR.

There's only one requirement: You need a Live CD with which you can boot into.

Using your Live CD, boot into the Ubuntu pre-installed environment. Once in, make sure that your Linux partition is mounted. You can check this by copying the following and seeing the same or similar output to the command-line:

And take a note the designation for the disk /dev/sda which you will be using later, and the directory in /media. It may even be /dev/hda depending on your hard drive's framework. And also, the long directory with letters and numbers after /media/. This is the directory of the partition. In the example, I'll use my own but you may need to change yours accordingly.

ls /media/bdd1efeb-e61f-467a-968c-8cea0af9349b/boot

Now that you've got what you need mounted, run the following command to rewrite GRUB to your MBR:

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/bdd1efeb-e61f-467a-968c-8cea0

If this did not work and you get BIOS warnings, try:

sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/0d104aff-ec8c-44c8-b811-92b99

If for some reason the GRUB menu does not display Windows after your reboot, run into Ubuntu, open a terminal and run the following command:

sudo update-grub2

Now all you have to do is reboot making sure to boot to your hard drive and not to the live CD. GRUB should be installed and both Ubuntu and Windows should have been automatically detected and listed in the menu.

The Master Boot Record will execute GRUB as the initial bootloader. The Windows bootloader is contained within the Windows partition and will then be chainloaded by the GRUB bootloader.

It should work now.

Mac OS X Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts usually require a combination of modifier keys (command, option, control and shift) and other keys.

Here are the modifier key symbols you can see in Mac OS X menus:
(Command key) - On some Apple keyboards, this key also has an Apple logo ()
(Control key)
(Option key) - "Alt" may also appear on this key
(Shift key)
(Caps Lock) - Toggles Caps Lock on or off
fn (Function key)

Startup
Press X during startup -> Force Mac OS X startup
Press Option-Command-Shift-Delete during startup -> Bypass primary startup volume and seek a different startup volume (such as a CD or external disk)
Press C during startup -> Start up from a CD that has a system folder
Press N during startup -> Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot)
Press T during startup -> Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode
Press Shift during startup -> start up in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items and non-essential kernel extension files (Mac OS X 10.2 and later)
Press Command-V during startup -> Start up in Verbose mode.
Press Command-S during startup -> Start up in Single-User mode

Finder window
Command-W -> Close Window
Option-Command-W -> Close all Windows
Command-Right Arrow -> Expand folder (list view)
Option-Command-Right Arrow -> Expand folder and nested subfolders (list view)
Command-Left Arrow -> Collapse Folder (list view)
Option-Command-Up Arrow -> Open parent folder and close current window

Menu commands
Shift-Command-Q -> Apple Menu Log out
Shift-Option-Command-Q -> Apple Menu Log out immediately
Shift-Command-Delete -> Finder Menu Empty Trash
Option-Shift-Command-Delete -> Finder Menu Empty Trash without dialog
Command-H -> Finder Menu Hide Finder
Option-Command-H -> Finder Menu Hide Others
Command-N -> File Menu New Finder window
Shift-Command-N -> File Menu New Folder
Command-O -> File Menu Open
Command-S -> File Menu Save
Shift-Command-S -> File Menu Save as
Command-P -> File Menu Print
Command-W -> File Menu Close Window
Option-Command-W -> File Menu Close all Windows
Command-I -> File Menu Get Info
Option-Command-I -> File Menu Show Attributes Inspector
Command-D -> File Menu Duplicate
Command-L -> File Menu Make Alias
Command-R -> File Menu Show original
Command-T -> File Menu Add to Favorites
Command-Delete ->File Menu Move to Trash
Command-E ->File Menu Eject
Command-F -> File Menu Find
Command-Z -> Edit Menu Undo
Command-X -> Edit Menu Cut
Command-C -> Edit Menu Copy
Command-V -> Edit Menu Paste
Command-A -> Edit Menu Select All
Command-1 -> View Menu View as Icons
Command-2 -> View Menu View as List
Command-3 -> View Menu View as Columns
Command-B -> View Menu Hide Toolbar
Command-J -> View Menu Show View Options
Command - [ -> Go Menu Back
Command - ] -> Go Menu Forward
Shift-Command-C -> Go Menu Computer
Shift-Command-H -> Go Menu Home
Shift-Command-I -> Go Menu iDisk
Shift-Command-A -> Go Menu Applications
Shift-Command-F -> Go Menu Favorites
Shift-Command-G -> Go Menu Goto Folder
Command-K -> Go Menu Connect to Server
Command-M -> Window Menu Minimize Window
Option-Command-M -> Window Menu Minimize All Windows
Command-? -> Help Menu Open Mac Help
Command-Space -> Open Spotlight (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Command-esc -> Front Row Activates Front Row for certain Apple computers
Universal Access and VoiceOver
Option-Command-8 -> Turn on Zoom
Option-Command-+ (plus) -> Zoom in
Option-Command- (minus) -> Zoom out
Control-Option-Command-8 -> Switch to White on Black
Control-F1 -> Turn on Full Keyboard Access
When Full Keyboard Access is turned on, you can use the key combinations listed in the table below from the Finder.
Control-F2 -> Full Keyboard Access Highlight Menu
Control-F3 -> Full Keyboard Access Highlight Dock
Control-F4 -> Full Keyboard Access Highlight Window (active) or next window behind it
Control-F5 -> Full Keyboard Access Highlight Toolbar
Control-F6 -> Full Keyboard Access Highlight Utility window (palette)
Command-F5 or fn-Command-F5 -> Turn VoiceOver on or off (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-F8 or fn-Control-Option-F8 -> Open VoiceOver Utility (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-F7 or fn-Control-option-F7 -> Display VoiceOver menu (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-;or fn-Control-option-; -> Enable/disable VoiceOver Control-Option lock (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)

Mouse Keys
8 -> Move Up
2 -> Move Down
4 -> Move Left
6 -> Move Right
1, 3, 7, and 9 -> Move Diagonally
5 -> Press Mouse Button
0 -> Hold Mouse Button
. (period on keypad) -> Release Mouse Button (use after pressing 0)

Other Commands
Option-Command-D -> Show/Hide Dock
Command-Tab -> Switch application
tab -> Highlight next item
Command-Up Arrow -> Move up one directory
Command-Down Arrow -> Move down one directory
Page Up or Control-Up Arrow -> Move up one page
Page Down or Control-Down Arrow -> Move down one page
Option-Drag -> Copy to new location
Option-Command-Drag -> Make alias in new location
Command-Drag -> Move to new location without copying
Shift-Command-C -> Show Colors palette in application
Command-T -> Show Font palette in application
Command-Shift-3 -> Take a picture of the screen
Command-Shift-4 -> Take a picture of the selection
Command-Shift-4, then press Control while selecting -> Take a picture of the screen, place in Clipboard
Command-Shift-4, then Spacebar -> Take a picture of the selected window
Option-Command-esc -> Force Quit
Control-Eject -> Restart, Sleep, Shutdown dialog box
Control-Command-Eject -> Quit all applications and restart
Option-Command-Eject or Option-Command-Power -> Sleep
Command-click window toolbar button (upper right corner) -> Cycle through available views for the window's toolbar (dependant on the nature of the Finder or application window)
Command-` -> Cycle through windows in application or Finder (if more than one window is open)
Function-Delete (portables only-PowerBook, iBook, MacBook, MacBook Pro) -> Forward Delete (delete the character to the right of your cursor)