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After the Hyper-V role is installed , When you try to create a new virtual machine, it fails to start with the following error:

The virtual machine could not be started because the hypervisor is not running.

Cause: Hardware virtualization or DEP was disabled in the BIOS.

Resolution: Enable Hardware virtualization or DEP in the BIOS. In some cases, the server needs to be physically shutdown in order for the new BIOS settings to take effect.

What is the DEP ?!!! Data Execution Prevention (DEP) is a set of hardware and software technologies that perform additional checks on memory to help protect against malicious code exploits.

Hardware-enforced DEP marks all memory locations in a process as non-executable unless the location explicitly contains executable code. One kind of malicious code attacks tries to insert and run code from non-executable memory locations. DEP helps prevent these attacks by intercepting them and raising an exception.

Hardware-enforced DEP

Hardware-enforced DEP marks all memory locations in a process as non-executable unless the location explicitly contains executable code. A class of attacks exists that tries to insert and run code from non-executable memory locations. DEP helps prevent these attacks by intercepting them and raising an exception.

Hardware-enforced DEP relies on processor hardware to mark memory with an attribute that indicates that code should not be executed from that memory. DEP functions on a per-virtual memory page basis, and DEP typically changes a bit in the page table entry (PTE) to mark the memory page.

Processor architecture determines how DEP is implemented in hardware and how DEP marks the virtual memory page. However, processors that support hardware-enforced DEP can raise an exception when code is executed from a page that is marked with the appropriate attribute set.

Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and Intel have defined and shipped Windows-compatible architectures that are compatible with DEP.

Beginning with Windows XP SP2, the 32-bit version of Windows uses one of the following:

· The no-execute page-protection (NX) processor feature as defined by AMD.

· The Execute Disable Bit (XD) feature as defined by Intel.

To use these processor features, the processor must be running in Physical Address Extension (PAE) mode. However, Windows will automatically enable PAE mode to support DEP. Users do not have to separately enable PAE by using the /PAE boot switch.

Note: Because 64-bit kernels are Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) aware, there is not a separate PAE kernel in 64-bit versions of Windows.
For more information about PAE and AWE in Windows Server 2003, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

283037 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/283037/ ) Large memory support is available in Windows Server 2003 and in Windows 2000

Benefits

The primary benefit of DEP is that it helps prevent code execution from data pages, such as the default heap pages, various stack pages, and memory pool pages. Typically, code is not executed from the default heap and the stack. Hardware-enforced DEP detects code that is running from these locations and raises an exception when execution occurs. If the exception is unhandled, the process will be stopped. Execution of code from protected memory in kernel mode causes a Stop error.

DEP can help block a class of security intrusions. Specifically, DEP can help block a malicious program in which a virus or other type of attack has injected a process with additional code and then tries to run the injected code. On a system with DEP, execution of the injected code causes an exception. Software-enforced DEP can help block programs that take advantage of exception-handling mechanisms in Windows.

For more information Check Microsoft KBs

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/912923

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/875352/

http://blogs.technet.com/askcore/archive/2009/02/16/top-issues-for-microsoft-support-for-windows-server-2008-hyper-v-q2.aspx

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You can effectively "empty" the Recycle Bin from the command line by permanently deleting the Recycle Bin directory on the drive that contains the system files. (In most cases, this will be the C: drive, but you shouldn't hardcode that value because it won't always be true. Instead, use the %systemdrive% environment variable.)

The reason that this tactic works is because each drive has a hidden, protected folder with the name $Recycle.bin, which is where the Recycle Bin actually stores the deleted files and folders. When this directory is deleted, Windows automatically creates a new directory.

So, to remove the directory, use the rd command (r​emove d​irectory) with the /s parameter, which indicates that all of the files and directories within the specified directory should be removed as well:

• For Windows 7 or Server 2008 enter this command:

rd /s /q "%systemdrive%\$Recycle.Bin"

• For Windows XP, Vista, or Server 2003 enter this command:

rd /s /q "%systemdrive%\recycler"

Do note that this action will permanently delete all files and folders currently in the Recycle Bin from all user accounts. Additionally, you will (obviously) have to run the command from an elevated command prompt in order to have sufficient privileges to perform this action.

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We can delete the old profiles lying in the system c:\documents and settings\ you can use the below command
delprof /Q /I /D:60

this will delete the profiles not in use more than 60 days

For Windows Vista & Windows 7 above

This is easy using the 'netsh' command.

To block it we would call it like this:

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="BlockAIM" protocol=TCP
dir=out remoteport=4099 action=block

Let me explain each setting:

name = The name of the rule. (Pick something descriptive)
protocol = The protocol we are going to block (UDP or TCP for most cases)
dir = The direction of the block. Can be IN or OUT
remoteport = The port of the remote host that is going to be blocked
action = Could be block or allow. In our case we want to block the connection

Once you execute the above code, all outbound requests to any host on port 4099 will be blocked, and it adds an entry to the Windows firewall.

If you want to remove the rule from the command line, you can call netsh like this:

netsh advfirewall firewall delete rule name="BlockAIM"

That is all there is to it. One line to add a rule, and one line to remove.

We use msconfig, regedit, Services manage for start windows fast. But i found a new software who can analyze boot time & diagnose it.

It is called Soluto, and you can download from http://www.soluto.com

The install is simple. Download and run the setup file

Reboot your system, and it will analyze all of the processes that launch at boot time. The cool part is that it looks up each application in a database that is updated by users like yourself - it has a built in wiki editing tool to update information about apps it does not recognize.

When it is finished, you can see all of the programs that impact your boot time. It shows you an exact boot time, and how much time each application takes to launch.

The application is crisp, and almost fun to use. The amount of detail on each application is amazing. The color coding will keep you from making mistakes - something easy to do when you are plunking away while drinking your third egg nog.

When you want to keep an app from running, simply pause it. It will never run again unless you manually launch it.

With a few quick clicks you can pause the applications you don't need and dramatically reduce your boot time.

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The file associations for .LNK files on a Windows 7 computer have changed from their default association to another application program, ie. Internet Explorer Picture Viewer, with the result that none of the program shortcut icons or desktop icons launch their respective programs - they all attempt to launch Explorer. Changing the file association on an individual shortcut results in all shortcuts being changed to the selected program. Is there a way to change the .LNK file associations back to the Windows default in order to relate the shortcuts to their respective application program?

Solution - Just download the Registry Fix and merged the .reg file with registry.

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TRACERT COMMANDS IS A WINDOWS UTLITY WHICH HELPS TO TRACE THE ROUTE OF PACKETS ON A NETWORK.
ITS ONE OF A USEFULL TOOL USED IN FINDING THE IP ADRESS OF A PERSON OR SERVER.
WHEN WE ARE CONNECTED TO A COMPUTER. AS EACH PACKETS OF TINFORMATION TO OUR COMPUTER PASSES TO THE NET
THROUGH ROUTERS .THE TRACING OF PACKETS HELPS US WITH. FINDING THE DESTINATION.
TRACE NETWORK : tracert [-d][-h maximum_hops][-j host-list][-w
timeout]target_name
PACKET/SITE TO IP
-d : do not resolve addresses to hostnames
-h maximum_hops : maximum number of hops to search for target
-j host-list : loose source route along host-list
-w timeout : wait timeout milliseconds for each reply
EX : TRACERT 192.63.19.100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THIS UTLITY WAS USED TO KNOW WHETHER A SYSTEM OR SERVER IS ALIVE OR NOT WE SEND IT WITH A FEW PACKETS OF DATA .AND IF WE DOSENT HAS ANY LOSS OF DATA WHILE THE TRAFIC THE SERVE IS ALIVE.
PING HOST/IP : ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]
[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]][-w timeout] destination-list
Options:
-t Pings the specified host until stopped.
To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;
To stop - type Control-C.
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count Number of echo requests to send.
-l size Send buffer size.
-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.
-i TTL Time To Live.
-v TOS Type Of Service.
-r count Record route for count hops.
-s count Timestamp for count hops.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
EX:PING 192.62.99.100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THIS WILL BE FAIRLY IMPORTANT WHILE WE NEED TO DISGUISE AS SOME BODY AS AN IP ADRESS IS ONE KIND OF AUTHENTICATION CHANGE IP ON A
NETWORK CARD : ARP -s inet_addr eth_adr [if_addr]
ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]
ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]
-a :Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current protocol data.
If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical addresses for only the specified computer are displayed. If more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP table are displayed.
-g : Same as -a
inet_addr : Specifies an internet address.
-N if addr : Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified
by if_addr.
-d : Deletes the host specified by inet_addr.
-s : Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr with the
Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address is given as 6 hexadecimal bytes seperated by hyphens. The entry is permanent.
eth_addr : Specifies a physical address
if_addr : If present, this specifies the Internet address of the interface
whose address translation table should be modified. If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.
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DISPLAY OR CHANGE FILE ATTRIBUTES : ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H]
[[drive:][path]filename] [/S]
+ Sets an attribute.
- Clears an attribute.
R Read-only file attribute.
A Archive file attribute.
S System file attribute.
H Hidden file attribute.
/S Processes files in all directories in the specified path.
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VIEW A NETWORK Using NET.exe
/NETWORK SETTINGS : NET CONFIG Displays your current workgroup settings.
NET CONFIG [/YES]
/YES Carries out the NET CONFIG command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.

NET DIAG Runs the Microsoft Network Diagnostics program to test the hardware
connection between two computers and to display information about a single computer.
NET DIAGNOSTICS [/NAMES | /STATUS]
/NAMES Specifies a diagnostic server name in order to avoid conflicts when
NET DIAG is used simultaneously by multiple
users. This option works only when the network uses a NetBIOS protocol.
/STATUS Enables you to specify a computer about which you want network
diagnostics information.

NET HELP Displays information about NET commands and error messages.
command /?
NET HELP [suffix]
NET HELP errornum
command /? -Specifies the Microsoft NET command that you want information
about.
suffix -Specifies the second word of the command you want information
about. For example, the suffix of NET VIEW is VIEW.
errornum -Specifies the number of the error message that you want
information about.

NET INIT Loads protocol and network-adapter drivers without binding them to
Protocol Manager. This command may be required if you are using a third-party network-adapter driver. You can then bind the drivers to Protocol Manager by typing
NET START NETBIND.
NET INITIALIZE [/DYNAMIC]

/DYNAMIC Loads the Protocol Manager dynamically. This is useful with some
third-party networks, such as Banyan® VINES®, to resolve memory problems.

NET LOGOFF Breaks the connection between your computer and the shared
resources to which it is connected.
NET LOGOFF [/YES]

/YES Carries out the NET LOGOFF command without first prompting you to
provide information or confirm actions.

NET LOGON Identifies you as a member of a workgroup.
NET LOGON [user [password | ?]] [/DOMAIN:name] [/YES] [/SAVEPW:NO]

user- Specifies the name that identifies you in your workgroup. The name you
specify can contain up to 20 characters.
password -The unique string of characters that authorizes you to gain access
to your password-list file. The password
can contain up to 14 characters.
? -Specifies that you want to be prompted for your password.
/DOMAIN -Specifies that you want to log on to a Microsoft Windows NT or LAN
Manager domain. name Specifies the Windows NT
or LAN Manager domain you want to log on to.
/YES -Carries out the NET LOGON command without first prompting you to
provide information or confirm actions.
/SAVEPW:NO Carries out the NET LOGON command without prompting you to
create a password-list file.
If you would rather be prompted to type your user name and password instead
of specifying them in the NET LOGON command
line, type NET LOGON without options.

NET PASSWORD Changes your logon password.
NET PASSWORD [oldpassword [newpassword]]
NET PASSWORD \\computer| /DOMAIN:name [user [oldpassword [newpassword]]]

oldpassword -Specifies your current password.
newpassword -Specifies your new password. It can have as many as 14
characters.
computer -Specifies the Windows NT or LAN Manager server on which you want
to change your password.
/DOMAIN -Specifies that you want to change your password on a Windows NT or LAN Manager domain.
name -Specifies the Windows NT or LAN Manager domain on which you want to change your password.
user -Specifies your Windows NT or LAN Manager user name.
The first syntax line above is for changing the password for your password-list file. The second syntax line above is for changing your password on a Windows NT or LAN Manager server or domain.

NET PRINT Displays information about print queues and controls print jobs.
NET PRINT \\computer[\printer] | port [/YES]
NET PRINT \\computer| port [job# [/PAUSE | /RESUME | /DELETE]] [/YES]

computer -Specifies the name of the computer whose print queue you want
information about.
printer -Specifies the name of the printer you want information about.
port -Specifies the name of the parallel (LPT) port on your computer that is
connected to the printer you want information about.
job# -Specifies the number assigned to a queued print job. You can specify
the following options:
/PAUSE -Pauses a print job.
/RESUME -Restarts a print job that has been paused.
/DELETE -Cancels a print job.
/YES -Carries out the NET PRINT command without first prompting you to
provide information or confirm actions.
When you specify the name of a computer by using the NET PRINT command, you
receive information about the print queues
on each of the shared printers that are connected to the computer.

NET START Starts services. NOTE: Services cannot be started from a command
prompt within Windows.
NET START [BASIC | NWREDIR | WORKSTATION | NETBIND | NETBEUI | NWLINK]
[/LIST] [/YES] [/VERBOSE]

BASIC Starts the basic redirector.
NWREDIR Starts the Microsoft Novell® compatible redirector.
WORKSTATION Starts the default redirector.
NETBIND Binds protocols and network-adapter drivers.
NETBEUI Starts the NetBIOS interface.
NWLINK Starts the IPX/SPX-compatible interface.
/LIST Displays a list of the services that are running.
/YES Carries out the NET START command without first prompting you to
provide information or confirm actions.
/VERBOSE Displays information about device drivers and services as they are
loaded.
To start the workgroup redirector you selected during Setup, type NET START
without options. In general, you don't need to use any of the options.

NET STOP Stops services. NOTE: Services cannot be stopped from a command
prompt within Windows.
NET STOP [BASIC | NWREDIR | WORKSTATION | NETBEUI | NWLINK] [/YES]
NET STOP Stops the basic redirector.
BASIC Stops the basic redirector.
NWREDIR Stops the Microsoft Novell® compatible redirector.
WORKSTATION Stops the default redirector.
NETBEUI Stops the NetBIOS interface.
NWLINK Stops the IPX/SPX compatible interface.
/YES Carries out the NET STOP command without first prompting you to provide
information or confirm actions.
To stop the workgroup redirector, type NET STOP without options. This breaks
all your connections to shared resources and removes the NET commands from your computer's memory.

NET TIME Displays the time on or synchronizes your computer's clock with the
shared clock on a Microsoft Windows for Workgroups,Windows NT, Windows 95, or NetWare time server.
NET TIME [\\computer | /WORKGROUP:wgname] [/SET] [/YES]

computer -Specifies the name of the computer (time server) whose time you
want to check or synchronize your computer's
clock with. /WORKGROUP Specifies that you want to use the clock on a computer (time
server) in another workgroup.
wgname -Specifies the name of the workgroup containing a computer whose
clock you want to check or synchronize your computer's clock with.
If there are multiple time servers in that workgroup, NET TIME uses the
first one it finds.
/SET Synchronizes your computer's clock with the clock on the computer or
workgroup you specify.
/YES Carries out the NET TIME command without first prompting you to provide
information or confirm actions.

NET USE Connects or disconnects your computer from a shared resource or
displays information about your connections.
NET USE [drive: | *] [\\computer\directory [password | ?]]
[/SAVEPW:NO] [/YES] [/NO]
NET USE [port:] [\\computer\printer [password | ?]]
[/SAVEPW:NO] [/YES] [/NO]
NET USE drive: | \\computer\directory/DELETE [/YES]
NET USE port: | \\computer\printer/DELETE [/YES]
NET USE * /DELETE [/YES]
NET USE drive: | * /HOME

drive -Specifies the drive letter you assign to a shared directory.
* -Specifies the next available drive letter. If used with /DELETE,
specifies to disconnect all of your connections.
port -Specifies the parallel (LPT) port name you assign to a shared printer.
computer -Specifies the name of the computer sharing the resource.
directory -Specifies the name of the shared directory.
printer -Specifies the name of the shared printer.
password -Specifies the password for the shared resource, if any.
? -Specifies that you want to be prompted for the password of the shared
resource. You don't need to use this option unless the password is optional.
/SAVEPW:NO Specifies that the password you type should not be saved in your
password-list file. You need to retype the password the next time you connect to this resource.
/YES Carries out the NET USE command without first prompting you to provide
information or confirm actions.
/DELETE Breaks the specified connection to a shared resource.
/NO Carries out the NET USE command, responding with NO automatically when
you are prompted to confirm actions.
/HOME Makes a connection to your HOME directory if one is specified in your
LAN Manager or Windows NT user account.
To list all of your connections, type NET USE without options.

NET VER Displays the type and version number of the workgroup redirector you
are using.
NET VER

NET VIEW Displays a list of computers in a specified workgroup or
the shared resources available on a specified computer.
NET VIEW [\\computer] [/YES]
NET VIEW [/WORKGROUP:wgname] [/YES]

computer -Specifies the name of the computer whose shared resources you want
to see listed.
/WORKGROUP Specifies that you want to view the names of the computers in
another workgroup that share resources.
wgname -Specifies the name of the workgroup whose computer names you want to
view.
/YES Carries out the NET VIEW command without first prompting you to provide
information or confirm actions.
To display a list of computers in your workgroup that share
resources, type NET VIEW without options.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEBUG : DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]]
[drive:][path]filename Specifies the file you want to test.
testfile-parameters Specifies command-line information required by the
file you want to test.
***After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands.***
To get out of Debug you need to "Q" and enter
To execute the Debug routine you need to do "G" and enter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IPCONFIG : ipconfig [/all][/batch][/renew_all][/release_all][/renew
N][/release N]
/All Display detailed information.
/Batch [file] Write to file or ./WINIPCFG.OUT
/renew_all Renew all adapters.
/release_all Release all adapters.
/renew N Renew adapter N.
/release N Release adapter N.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FTP : Depending upon the version of FTP and the Operating System being
used each of the following commands may or may
not work. Generally typing -help or a ? will list the commands
available to you.
Command Information
! : Using this command you will have the capability of toggling back and
forth between the operating system and ftp.
Once back in the Operating System generally typing exit will take you
back to the FTP command line.
? : Access the Help screen.
abor : Abort Transfer
append : Append text to a local file.
ascii : Switch to ASCII transfer mode
bell : Turns bell mode on / off.
binary : Switches to binary transfer mode.
bye : Exits from FTP.
cd : Changes directory.
cdup : Change to parent directory on remote system
close : Exits from FTP.
cwd : Change working directory on remote system
dele : Delete file on remote system
delete : Deletes a file.
debug : Sets debugging on / off.
dir : Lists files if connected.
dir -C = Will list the files in wide format.
dir -1 = Lists the files in bare format in alphabetic order
dir -r = Lists directory in reverse alphabetic order.
dir -R = Lists all files in current directory and sub directories.
dir -S = Lists files in bare format in alphabetic order.
disconnect : Exits from FTP.
get : Get file from the computer connected to.
glob : Sets globbing on / off.
hash : Sets hash mark printing on / off
help : Access the Help screen and displays information about command if
command typed after help.
lcd : Displays local directory or if path typed after lcd will change local
directory.
list : Send a list of file names in the current directory on the remote
system on the data connection.
literal : Sends command line
ls : Lists files if connected.
mdelete : Multiple delete
mdir : Lists contents of multiple remote directories
mget : Get multiple files
mkd : Make directory.
mkdir : Make directory.
mls : Lists contents of multiple remote directories.
mode : Specifies the transfer mode. Available parameters are generally S, B
or C.
mput : Sent multiple files
nlst : Send a full directory listing of the current directory on the remote
system on the data connection.
open : Opens address.
pass : Supplies a user password.
port : Specify the client port number.
prompt : Enables disables prompt.
put : Send one file
pwd : Print working directory
quit : Exits from FTP.
quote : Send arbitrary ftp command
recv : Receive file
retr : Get file from remote system.
remotehelp : Get help from remote server
rename : Renames a file
rmdir : Removes a directory
send : Send single file
status : Shows status of currently enabled / disabled options
trace : Toggles packet tracing
type : Set file transfer type
user : Send new user information
verbose : Sets verbose on / off.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISPLAY TCP/IP
NETWORK PROTOCOL : NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]
INFORMATION
-a Displays all connections and listening ports.
-e Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s option.
-n Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.
-p proto -Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto may
be TCP or UDP. If used with the -s option
to display per-protocol statistics, proto may be TCP, UDP, or IP.
-r Displays the routing table.
-s Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are shown for
TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specify a subset of the default.
interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between
each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying statistics. If omitted, netstat will print the current
configuration information once.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISPLAY OR SET A SEARCH PATH FOR EXECUTABLE FILES :
PATH [[drive:]path[;...]]
PATH ;
Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct Windows to search
only in the current directory.
Type PATH without parameters to display the current path.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MANUALLY CONFIGURE MODEMS ROUTE :
ROUTE [-f] [-p] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC
metric]
[IF interface]
-f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in
conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command.
-p When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across boots of
the system. By default, routes are not
preserved when the system is restarted. When used with the PRINT
command, displays the list of registered persistent routes. Ignored for all other commands, which always affect the appropriate persistent routes. This option
is not supported Windows'95. command One of these:
PRINT Prints a route
ADD Adds a route
DELETE Deletes a route
CHANGE Modifies an existing route destination Specifies the host.
MASK Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.
NETMASK Specifies a subnet mask value for this route entry. If not
specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255.
GATEWAY Specifies gateway. interface the interface number for the specified
route.
METRIC Specifies the metric, ie. cost for the destination.
All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network
database file NETWORKS. The symbolic names for
gateway are looked up in the host name database file HOSTS.
If the command is PRINT or DELETE. Destination or gateway can be a wildcard,
(wildcard is specified as a star '*'), or the gateway argument may be omitted.
If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and only
matching destination routes are printed. The '*' matches any string,
and '?' matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1, 157.*, 127.*, *224*.
Diagnostic Notes: Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.
Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 IF 1
The route addition failed: 87

EXAMPLES
Examples:
>route PRINT
>route ADD 157.0.0.0
^destination
MASK 255.0.0.0
^mask 157.55.80.1
^gateway METRIC 3
^metric IF 2
^Interface
If IF is not given, it tries to find the best interface for a given gateway.
>route PRINT
>route PRINT 157* .... Only prints those matching 157*
>route DELETE 157.0.0.0
>route PRINT
One way to use this would be as follows: You can't ping the server that you
are connecting to, but you know the ip address to be 127.16.16.10
>route PRINT
Interface List
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x2 ...00 14 a4 c3 44 20 ...... Xircom CardBus Ethernet 10/100 Adapter
0x3 ...00 b0 d0 43 55 a5 ...... 3Com EtherLink PCI
0x4 ...00 01 b0 8f 8f 80 ...... NdisWan Adapter
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
127.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
127.16.8.14 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 2
192.168.50.65 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.50.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
** notice that no gateway for the current ip goes to 255.255.255.0, so it
must be added. Now do the following command:
>route ADD 127.16.0.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 <your current ip from winntcfg or
>winipcfg> METRIC 1
**Then do the following command:
>route print
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
127.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
** 127.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
127.16.8.14 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 2
192.168.50.65 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.50.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1

**Notice the ** ip address gives you the default gateway.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISPLAY PROTOCOL STATISTICS
AND CURRENT TCP/IP CONNECTIONS
USING NBT(NETBIOS OVER TCP/IP): NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address]
[-c] [-n]
[-r] [-R] [-s] [S] [interval] ]
-a (adapter status): Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
-A (Adapter status): Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address
-c (cache) : Lists the remote name cache including the IP addresses
-n (names) : Lists local netBIOS names
-r (resolved) : Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
-R (Reload) : Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
-S (Sessions) : Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses
-s (sessions) : Lists sessions table converting destination IP addresses to host names via the hosts file RemoteName Remote host machine name. IP address Dotted decimal representation of the IP address. interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying statistics.

Site

Computer networks is an interconnection of computers that allows communication, sharing of resources and information. Each groupings are being managed using different methods for organizing computers in the network.

Windows-based computers inside the network automatically creates a workgroup or domain. Computers on local area network or home networks are always part of a workgroup and computers in businesses and offices are usually part of a domain.

Definitions

Network

A group of devices that communicate either wireless or wired using physical connection such as ethernet cable or a phone line.

Workgroup

A group of computers that are connected on a network and share resources such as printer and files. All computers are peers, means no computer has control over another.

Domain

A collection of computers on a computer network that share a common database and security policy. A domain is administered as a unit with common rules and procedures, and each domain must have a unique name. This makes it easy to make changes because any changes are automatically made to all computers. Domain users must provide a password or credentials each time they access the domain. There can be thousands of computers in a domain and different local networks.

Homegroup

This is a unique feature in Windows 7 in which a group of computers on a network shares pictures, music, documents, and printers. A homegroup is protected with a password.

Info about your system's BIOS, then type this command

wmic bios get name,serialnumber,version

Info about your BIOS name, current version and it's serial number if there is any.

wmic csproduct get name,identifyingnumber,uuid

Info about your System motherboard (that happen to be the name) and it's UUID

wmic cpu get name,CurrentClockSpeed,MaxClockSpeed

Info about what's the CPU clock speed, also if you have turbo boost CPUs, what's the Max Clock Speed your system is capable of for the current configuration. Of course you can always overclock your CPU and that will too reflect the change.

wmic cpu get name,CurrentClockSpeed,MaxClockSpeed /every:1

If you have dynamic clock speed running, then add this line, it will refresh and monitor the Clock speed every 1 second.

Simply copy paste following code in NOTEPAD and save the file with name " Show_Hidden_Files_On_Off.vbs " (including quotes):

Hidden = "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced\Hidden"

SHidden = "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced\ShowSuperHidden"

Set Sh = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

St = Sh.RegRead(Hidden)

If St = 2 Then

Sh.RegWrite Hidden, 1, "REG_DWORD"

Sh.RegWrite SHidden, 1, "REG_DWORD"

Else

Sh.RegWrite Hidden, 2, "REG_DWORD"

Sh.RegWrite SHidden, 0, "REG_DWORD"

End If

Sh.SendKeys("{F5}")

After installation of Oracle10g, there was a problem ..couldnt login using SQL+. None of the accounts(scott/tiger) worked . At last a quick web search gave the solution . Here is what it is:

From your command prompt, type

sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

Once logged in as SYSDBA, you need to unlock the SCOTT account
SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
SQL> grant connect, resource to scott;

Accessing the "em" web application ?
http://hostname:1158/em

http://database-host:1158/em

Login as:
username : sysdba
password : <password>
Connect : Sysdba

Source

Whenever you insert a USB drive, CD/DVD, etc into your system, Windows automatically launches an Autorun dialog box which allows you to select an action from the given list. You can browse the content, play media files, etc using Autorun dialog box.

To disable Autorun functionality in Windows:

1. Type regedit in RUN or Startmenu searchbox and press Enter. It'll open Registry Editor.

2. Go to following key:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

If the above key doesn't exist, create it.

3. In right-side pane, create a new DWORD value NoDriveTypeAutoRun and set its value to any of following according to your requirements:

FF - To disable AutoRun on all drives
20 - To disable AutoRun on CD-ROM drives
4 - To disable AutoRun on removable drives
8 - To disable AutoRun on fixed drives
10 - To disable AutoRun on network drives
40 - To disable AutoRun on RAM disks
1 - To disable AutoRun on unknown drives

4. If you want to disable Autorun on a combination of drives, you'll need to calculate sum of the values. For example, if you want to disable Autorun on CD-ROM drives and removable drives, you'll need to set the value to 20+4=24.

5. If you want to restore the Autorun functionality, simply delete the NoDriveTypeAutoRun DWORD value created in Step 3 Or you can set the default value which is given below:

Windows 2000: 95

Windows XP: 91

Windows Server 2003: 95

Windows Vista, Server 2008 and 7: 91

6. If you want to disable Autorun functionality for all users in your system, use the "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" instead of "HKEY_CURRENT_USER" mentioned in Step 2.

In Windows you can change desktop wallpaper, screen saver, themes and other appearance settings by right-click on Desktop and select "Properties".

If you want to disable all or a few options in Desktop Properties to restrict users or you might want to enable those options in case they are disabled by your system administrator or a virus infection.

Following tutorial will help you in enabling or disabling all or a particular option in Desktop Properties:

A. Disable Themes Tab in Desktop Properties:

Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. Now goto:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\ Explorer

If "Explorer" key is not present, then create it. Now in right-side pane, create a new DWORD value NoThemesTab and set its value to 1 to disable it.

B. Disable Desktop Tab in Desktop Properties:

Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. Now goto:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\ System

If "System" key is not present, then create it. Now in right-side pane, create a new DWORD value NoDispBackgroundPage and set its value to 1 to disable it.

C. Disable Screen Saver Tab in Desktop Properties:

Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. Now goto:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\ System

If "System" key is not present, then create it. Now in right-side pane, create a new DWORD value NoDispScrSavPage and set its value to 1 to disable it.

D. Disable both Themes and Appearance Tabs in Desktop Properties:

Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. Now goto:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\ System

If "System" key is not present, then create it. Now in right-side pane, create a new DWORD value NoDispAppearancePage and set its value to 1 to disable it.

E. Disable Settings Tab in Desktop Properties:

Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. Now goto:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\ System

If "System" key is not present, then create it. Now in right-side pane, create a new DWORD value NoDispSettingsPage and set its value to 1 to disable it.

* If you want to enable a restricted tab in Desktop Properties, just delete the required DWORD value as mentioned above or change its value to 0 instead of 1.

To hide or show any specific Control Panel applet in Windows.

A: For All Windows Versions except Windows 95, 98 & Me

1. Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. Now go to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\
OR
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Control Panel\

2. Under this key create a new key with the name don't load , so the new path will be:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\don't load
OR
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Control Panel\don't load

3. Now in right-side pane, create new String value. Set its name to the file name of the applet which you want to hide, e.g. if you want to hide Display applet then set its name to Desk.cpl now set its value to no to hide it. If you want to show it again, either set its value to yes or simply delete the String value.

To use the above mentioned method, you'll need to know the .CPL file name of the desired applet. You can search for .CPL in Windows Search or you can use help of following list which contains .cpl file names of almost all default Control Panel applets:
Access.cpl Accessibility
Appwiz.cpl Add or Remove Programs
Bthprops.cpl Bluetooth Devices
Desk.cpl Display
Hdwwiz.cpl Add New Hardware
Inetcpl.cpl Internet Options
Intl.cpl Regional and Language Options
Joy.cpl Game Controllers
Keymgr.cpl Stored User Names and Passwords
Liccpa.cpl Licensing
Main.cpl Mouse
Mlcfg32.cpl Mail
Mmsys.cpl Sound and Audio Devices
Ncpa.cpl Network Connections
Nusrmgr.cpl User Accounts
Nwc.cpl Netware client connectivity
Odbccp32.cpl ODBC Data Source Administrator
Powercfg.cpl Power Options
Sysdm.cpl System
Telephon.cpl Phone and Modem Options
Timedate.cpl Date and Time
Sapi.cpl Speech
Wuaucpl.cpl Automatic Updates
Wscui.cpl Security Center or Action Center

B: For All Windows Versions except Windows 95, 98 & Me

1. Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. Now go to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies

2. Look for a key "Explorer" under it. If its not present, then create a new one and give it name Explorer.

3. Select "Explorer" key and in right-side pane, create a new DWORD value DisallowCpl and set its value to 1

4. Now create another new key under Explorer key with the name DisallowCpl so the new path will be:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\ Explorer\DisallowCpl

5. Select "DisallowCpl" key and in right-side, create new String value with name 1 and set its value to the applet name which you want to hide.You don't need to use the .cpl file name of applet in this method. You have to put the applet label which you see in Control Panel.

e.g., If you want to hide AutoPlay applet, then create a new String value, give it name 1 and set its value to AutoPlay. If you want to hide more applets, then simply create more String values with names 2, 3 and so on and set their values to the applet label.

C: For All Windows Versions except Windows 95, 98 & Me

In this method, you'll tell Windows which applets should be visible and Windows will automatically hide the rest.

Its useful when you want to show a few specific applets and want to hide remaining applets. So you just need to create a few String values to tell Windows which applets you want to show. It'll save your valuable time.

1. Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter. Now go to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies

2. Look for a key "Explorer" under it. If its not present, then create a new one and give it name Explorer.

3. Select "Explorer" key and in right-side pane, create a new DWORD value RestrictCpl and set its value to 1

4. Now create another new key under Explorer key with the name RestrictCpl so the new path will be:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\ Explorer\RestrictCpl

5. Select "RestrictCpl" key and in right-side, create new String value with name 1 and set its value to the applet name which you want to show.You don't need to use the .cpl file name of applet in this method. You have to put the applet label which you see in Control Panel.

e.g., If you want to show AutoPlay applet, then create a new String value, give it name 1 and set its value to AutoPlay. If you want to show more applets, then simply create more String values with names 2, 3 and so on and set their values to the applet label.

Now Windows will only show the applets which you mentioned in String values, other applets will be hidden.

D: For Windows 95, 98 & Me

1. Open "%windir%\Control.INI" file. Where "%windir%" denotes Windows folder which is present in system drive where Windows is installed.

2. You'll see a line saying [don't load] in the file. If you can't find it, then create a new line at last.

3. Now under this line, you can set .CPL file name of your desired applet which you want to hide in following format:

filename.cpl=no

e.g.,

If you want to hide Display applet, then the syntax will be:

desk.cpl=no

You can create similar lines for other applets which you want to hide. The .CPL file name can be obtained from the list mentioned in A.

Source

Hide user name for the user that has locked the computer:

1. Start Registry Editor.

2. Locate the following key in the registry:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System

3. If it doesn't exist, on the Edit menu, point to New, click DWORD Value, and then add the following registry values:

Value name: DontDisplayLockedUserId

Value data: 1, 2 or 3 (see below)

Base: Decimal

The following values can be set:
1 = Show the locked user display name and the user ID
2 = Show the locked user display name only
3 = Do not display the locked user information

4. Exit Registry Editor.

Note: To prevent the last logged on user to be displayed in the Windows logon screen, also set the dontdisplaylastusername value and set it to 1.

Windows 7 Calculator keyboard shortcut keys

Alt + 1 Switch to Standard mode
Alt + 2 Switch to Scientific mode
Alt + 3 Switch to Programmer mode
Alt + 4 Switch to Statistics mode
Ctrl + E Open date calculations
Ctrl + H Turn calculation history on or off
Ctrl + U Open unit conversion
Alt + C Calculate or solve date calculations and worksheets
F1 Open Calculator Help
Ctrl + Q Press the M- button
Ctrl + P Press the M+ button
Ctrl + M Press the MS button
Ctrl + R Press the MR button
Ctrl + L Press the MC button
% Press the % button
F9 Press the +/- button
/ Press the / button
* Press the * button
+ Press the + button
- Press the - button
R Press the 1/× button
@ Press the square root button
0-9 Press the number buttons (0-9)
= Press the = button
. Press the . (decimal point) button
Backspace Press the backspace button
Esc Press the C button
Del Press the CE button
Ctrl + Shift + D Clear the calculation history
F2 Edit the calculation history
Up Arrow key Navigate up in the calculation history
Down Arrow key Navigate down in the calculation history
Esc Cancel editing the calculation history
Enter Recalculate the calculation history after editing
F3 Select Degrees in Scientific mode
F4 Select Radians in Scientific mode
F5 Select Grads in Scientific mode
I Press the Inv button in Scientific mode
D Press the Mod button in Scientific mode
Ctrl + S Press the sinh button in Scientific mode
Ctrl + O Press the cosh button in Scientific mode
Ctrl + T Press the tanh button in Scientific mode
( Press the ( button in Scientific mode
) Press the ) button in Scientific mode
N Press the ln button in Scientific mode
; Press the Int button in Scientific mode
S Press the sin button in Scientific mode
O Press the cos button in Scientific mode
T Press the tan button in Scientific mode
M Press the dms button in Scientific mode
P Press the pi button in Scientific mode
V Press the F-E button in Scientific mode
X Press the Exp button in Scientific mode
Q Press the x^2 button in Scientific mode
Y Press the x^y button in Scientific mode
# Press the x^3 button in Scientific mode
L Press the log button in Scientific mode
! Press the n! button in Scientific mode
Ctrl + Y Press the y?x button in Scientific mode
Ctrl + B Press the 3?x button in Scientific mode
Ctrl + G Press the 10x button in Scientific mode
F5 Select Hex in Programmer mode
F6 Select Dec in Programmer mode
F7 Select Oct in Programmer mode
F8 Select Bin in Programmer mode
F12 Select Qword in Programmer mode
F2 Select Dword in Programmer mode
F3 Select Word in Programmer mode
F4 Select Byte in Programmer mode
K Press the RoR button in Programmer mode
J Press the RoL button in Programmer mode
< Press the Lsh button in Programmer mode
> Press the Rsh button in Programmer mode
% Press the Mod button in Programmer mode
( Press the ( button in Programmer mode
) Press the ) button in Programmer mode
| Press the Or button in Programmer mode
^ Press the Xor button in Programmer mode
~ Press the Not button in Programmer mode
& Press the And button in Programmer mode
A-F Press the A-F buttons in Programmer mode
Spacebar Toggles the bit value in Programmer mode
A Press the Average button in Statistics mode
Ctrl + A Press the Average Sq button in Statistics mode
S Press the Sum button in Statistics mode
Ctrl + S Press the Sum Sq button in Statistics mode
T Press the S.D. button in Statistics mode
Ctrl + T Press the Inv S.D. button in Statistics mode
D Press the CAD button in Statistics mode

Windows 7 Dialog box keyboard shortcut keys

Ctrl + Tab Move forward through tabs
Ctrl + Shift + Tab Move back through tabs
Tab Move forward through options
Shift + Tab Move back through options
Alt + underlined letter Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter
Enter Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands
Spacebar Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box
Arrow keys Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons
F1 Display Help
F4 Display the items in the active list
Backspace Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box

Windows 7 Ease of Access keyboard shortcut keys

Right Shift for eight seconds Turn Filter Keys on and off
Left Alt + Left Shift + PrtScn (or PrtScn) Turn High Contrast on or off
Left Alt + Left Shift + Num Lock Turn Mouse Keys on or off
Shift five times Turn Sticky Keys on or off
Num Lock for five seconds Turn Toggle Keys on or off
Windows logo key + U Open the Ease of Access Center

Windows 7 General keyboard shortcut keys

F1 Display Help
Ctrl + C (or Ctrl + Insert) Copy the selected item
Ctrl + X Cut the selected item
Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert) Paste the selected item
Ctrl + Z Undo an action
Ctrl + Y Redo an action
Delete (or Ctrl + D) Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin
Shift + Delete Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first
F2 Rename the selected item
Ctrl + Right Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word
Ctrl + Left Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word
Ctrl + Down Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph
Ctrl + Up Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
Ctrl + Shift with an arrow key Select a block of text
Shift + any arrow key Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document
Ctrl + any arrow key + Spacebar Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop
Ctrl + A Select all items in a document or window
F3 Search for a file or folder
Alt + Enter Display properties for the selected item
Alt + F4 Close the active item, or exit the active program
Alt + Spacebar Open the shortcut menu for the active window
Ctrl + F4 Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
Alt + Tab Switch between open items
Ctrl + Alt + Tab Use the arrow keys to switch between open items
Ctrl + Mouse scroll wheel Change the size of icons on the desktop
Windows logo key + Tab Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D
Ctrl+ Windows logo key + Tab Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D
Alt + Esc Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened
F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F4 Display the address bar list in Windows Explorer
Shift + F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
Ctrl + Esc Open the Start menu
Alt + underlined letter Display the corresponding menu
Alt + underlined letter Perform the menu command (or other underlined command)
F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program
Right Arrow Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu
Left Arrow Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu
F5 (or Ctrl + R) Refresh the active window
Alt + Up Arrow View the folder one level up in Windows Explorer
Esc Cancel the current task
Ctrl + Shift + Esc Open Task Manager
Shift when you insert a CD Prevent the CD from automatically playing
Left Alt + Shift Switch the input language when multiple input languages are enabled
Ctrl + ShiftL Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are enabled
Right or Left Ctrl + Shift Change the reading direction of text in right-to-left reading languages

Windows 7 Magnifier keyboard shortcut keys

Windows logo key + Plus Sign or Minus Sign Zoom in or out
Ctrl + Alt + Spacebar Preview the desktop in full-screen mode
Ctrl + Alt + F Switch to full-screen mode
Ctrl + Alt + L Switch to lens mode
Ctrl + Alt + D Switch to docked mode
Ctrl + Alt + I Invert colors
Ctrl + Alt + arrow keys Pan in the direction of the arrow keys
Ctrl + Alt + R Resize the lens
Windows logo key + Esc Exit Magnifier

Windows 7 Paint keyboard shortcut keys

Ctrl + N Create a new picture
Ctrl + O Open an existing picture
Ctrl + S Save changes to a picture
F12 Save the picture as a new file
Ctrl + P Print a picture
Alt + F4 Close a picture and its Paint window
Ctrl + Z Undo a change
Ctrl + Y Redo a change
Ctrl + A Select the entire picture
Ctrl + X Cut a selection
Ctrl + C Copy a selection to the Clipboard
Ctrl + V Paste a selection from the Clipboard
Right Arrow Move the selection or active shape right by one pixel
Left Arrow Move the selection or active shape left by one pixel
Down Arrow Move the selection or active shape down by one pixel
Up Arrow Move the selection or active shape up by one pixel
Esc Cancel a selection
Delete Delete a selection
Ctrl + B Bold selected text
Ctrl + + Increase the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel
Ctrl + - Decrease the width of a brush, line, or shape outline by one pixel
Ctrl + I Italicize selected text
Ctrl + U Underline selected text
Ctrl + E Open the Properties dialog box
Ctrl + W Open the Resize and Skew dialog box
Ctrl + Page Up Zoom in
Ctrl + Page Down Zoom out
F11 View a picture in full-screen mode
Ctrl + R Show or hide the ruler
Ctrl + G Show or hide gridlines
F10 or Alt Display keytips
Shift + F10 Show the current shortcut menu
F1 Open Paint Help

Windows 7 Remote Desktop Connection keyboard shortcut keys

Alt + Page Up Move between programs from left to right.
Alt + Page Down Move between programs from right to left.
Alt + Insert Cycle through programs in the order that they were started in.
Alt + Home Display the Start menu.
Ctrl + Alt + Break Switch between a window and full screen.
Ctrl + Alt + End Display the Windows Security dialog box.
Alt + Delete Display the system menu.
Ctrl + Alt + Minus Sign (-) on the numeric keypad Place a copy of the active window, within the client, on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing Alt + PrtScn on a local computer).
Ctrl + Alt + Plus Sign (+) on the numeric keypad Place a copy of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing PrtScn on a local computer).
Ctrl + Alt + Right Arrow "Tab" out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host program (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) program.
Ctrl + Alt + Left Arrow "Tab" out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host program (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) program.

Windows 7 Taskbar keyboard shortcut keys

Shift + Click on a taskbar button Open a program or quickly open another instance of a program
Ctrl + Shift + Click on a taskbar button Open a program as an administrator
Shift + Right-click on a taskbar button Show the window menu for the program
Shift + Right-click on a grouped taskbar button Show the window menu for the group
Ctrl + Click on a grouped taskbar button Cycle through the windows of the group

Windows 7 Windows Explorer keyboard shortcut keys

Ctrl + N Open a new window
Ctrl + W Close the current window
Ctrl + Shift + N Create a new folder
End Display the bottom of the active window
Home Display the top of the active window
F11 Maximize or minimize the active window
Ctrl + Period (.) Rotate a picture clockwise
Ctrl + Comma (,) Rotate a picture counter-clockwise
Num Lock + Asterisk (*) on numeric keypad Display all subfolders under the selected folder
Num Lock + Plus Sign (+) on numeric keypad Display the contents of the selected folder
Num Lock + Minus Sign (-) on numeric keypad Collapse the selected folder
Left Arrow Collapse the current selection (if it's expanded), or select the parent folder
Alt + Enter Open the Properties dialog box for the selected item
Alt + P Display the preview pane
Alt + Left Arrow View the previous folder
Backspace View the previous folder
Right Arrow Display the current selection (if it's collapsed), or select the first subfolder
Alt + Right Arrow View the next folder
Alt + Up Arrow View the parent folder
Ctrl + Shift + E Display all folders above the selected folder
Ctrl + Mouse scroll wheel Change the size and appearance of file and folder icons
Alt + D Select the address bar
Ctrl + E Select the search box
Ctrl + F Select the search box

Windows 7 Windows logo key keyboard shortcut keys

Windows 7 Shortcut Key Action / Operation
Windows logo key Open or close the Start menu.
Windows logo key + Pause Display the System Properties dialog box.
Windows logo key + D Display the desktop.
Windows logo key + M Minimize all windows.
Windows logo key + Shift + M Restore minimized windows to the desktop.
Windows logo key + E Open Computer.
Windows logo key + F Search for a file or folder.
Ctrl + Windows logo key + F Search for computers (if you're on a network).
Windows logo key + L Lock your computer or switch users.
Windows logo key + R Open the Run dialog box.
Windows logo key + T Cycle through programs on the taskbar.
Windows logo key + number Start the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. If the program is already running, switch to that program.
Shift + Windows logo key + number Start a new instance of the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Ctrl + Windows logo key + number Switch to the last active window of the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Alt + Windows logo key + number Open the Jump List for the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Windows logo key + Tab Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D.
Ctrl+Windows logo key + Tab Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D.
Ctrl+Windows logo key + B Switch to the program that displayed a message in the notification area.
Windows logo key + Spacebar Preview the desktop.
Windows logo key + Up Arrow Maximize the window.
Windows logo key + Left Arrow Maximize the window to the left side of the screen.
Windows logo key + Right Arrow Maximize the window to the right side of the screen.
Windows logo key + Down Arrow Minimize the window.
Windows logo key + Home Minimize all but the active window.
Windows logo key + Shift + Up Arrow Stretch the window to the top and bottom of the screen.
Windows logo key + Shift+ Left Arrow or Right Arrow Move a window from one monitor to another.
Windows logo key + P Choose a presentation display mode.
Windows logo key + G Cycle through gadgets.
Windows logo key + U Open Ease of Access Center.
Windows logo key + X Open Windows Mobility Center.

Windows 7 Windows Journal keyboard shortcut keys

Ctrl + N Start a new note
Ctrl + O Open a recently used note
Ctrl + S Save changes to a note
Ctrl + Shift + V Move a note to a specific folder
Ctrl + P Print a note
Alt + F4 Close a note and its Journal window
Ctrl + Z Undo a change
Ctrl + Y Redo a change
Ctrl + A Select all items on a page
Ctrl + X Cut a selection
Ctrl + C Copy a selection to the Clipboard
Ctrl + V Paste a selection from the Clipboard
Esc Cancel a selection
Delete Delete a selection
Ctrl + F Start a basic find
Ctrl + G Go to a page
F5 Refresh find results
F5 Refresh the note list
F6 Toggle between a note list and a note
Ctrl + Shift + C Display a shortcut menu for column headings in a note list
F11 View a note in full-screen mode
F1 Open Journal Help

Windows 7 Windows Help viewer keyboard shortcut keys

Alt + C Display the Table of Contents
Alt + N Display the Connection Settings menu
F10 Display the Options menu
Alt + Left Arrow Move back to the previously viewed topic
Alt + Right Arrow Move forward to the next (previously viewed) topic
Alt + A Display the customer support page
Alt + Home Display the Help and Support home page
Home Move to the beginning of a topic
End Move to the end of a topic
Ctrl + F Search the current topic
Ctrl + P Print a topic
F3 Move the cursor to the search box

Windows 7 WordPad keyboard shortcut

Ctrl + N Create a new document
Ctrl + O Open an existing document
Ctrl + S Save changes to a document
F12 Save the document as a new file
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Use Proxy Server To Access Internet at Shell Prompt With http_proxy Variable

Linux / UNIX has environment variable called http_proxy. It allows you to connect text based session / application via the proxy server. All you need is proxy server IP and port values. This variable is almost used by all utilities such as elinks, lynx, wget, curl and others.

Assuming that your HTTP Proxy IP address is 192.168.0.1 port 3128 (standard proxy port)

Set http_proxy shell variable

Type the following command to set proxy server:

$ export http_proxy=http://server-ip:port/
$ export http_proxy=http://192.168.0.1.1:3128/
$ export http_proxy=http://proxy-server.mycorp.com:3128/

How do I setup proxy variable for all users?

To setup the proxy environment variable as a global variable, open /etc/profile file:
$ vi /etc/profile

In order to make this proxy permanent, add the line to your ~/.profile or /etc/profile or ~/(bash|ksh|sh)rc file.

Add the following information:
export http_proxy=http://proxy-server.mycorp.com:3128/

Save and close the file.

How do I use password protected proxy server?

$ export HTTP_PROXY='http://username:password@192.168.0.1:3128'

You can simply use wget as follows:

$ wget --proxy-user=USERNAME --proxy-password=PASSWORD http://path.to.domain.com/some.html

Lynx has following syntax:
$ lynx -pauth=USER:PASSWORD http://domain.com/path/html.file

Curl has following syntax:
$ curl --proxy-user user:password http://url.com/

To unset this, use:

$ export HTTP_PROXY=' '

In Windows, to add a static route, the syntax is as below:

route add [destination network] mask [destination network mask] [default gateway] -p

Example:
route add 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 -p

*Without "-p", the route will be erased upon next reboot.

To see the routing table:

route print

To delete the route:

route delete [network]

Example:

route delete 10.0.0.0

* Make a Batch file for easy.